Archived: P2Rx no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource.
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Printing-Lithography: Operations
Process Inputs and Outputs
PREPRESS - Imaging Process (Overview)
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Inputs |
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Outputs |
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Film |
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Exposed,
waste, and out-of-date film |
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Paper |
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Scrap Paper |
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Markers and Sprays |
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Air vapors and odors |
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Developer |
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Spent Developer |
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Fixer |
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Spent fixer and the silver from the film |
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Wash Water |
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Used rinse water |
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Shop Towels and other wipers |
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Rags containing solvents, waste
Waste paper from disposable towels |
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Cleaning Solutions |
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Waste solvents, air vapors and odors |
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Chemical Storage |
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Containers and Empty Containers |
PREPRESS - Platemaking Process (Overview)
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Inputs |
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Outputs |
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Metal, paper,
plastic or silver
bearing press plates |
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Damaged or
unusable plates, waste metals, paper and plastic. Waste silver halides
from silver master plates |
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Water |
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Contaminated
process wash water |
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Developer |
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Spent
developer may contain alcohol |
PRODUCTION - Printing Process (Overview)
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Inputs |
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Outputs |
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Fountain
Solutions |
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Tainted and unused solutions, volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), air emissions
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Ink |
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Waste ink,
hazardous waste, air emissions |
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Water |
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Waste water used in cleaning, fountain solutions
or solvents
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Paper |
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Unacceptable
prints and waste paper |
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Plates |
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Outdated or
exhausted press plates, silver and waste metal |
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Solvents |
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Waste and
dirty solvents, air emissions |
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Shop Towels |
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Rags
containing inks, solvent and metals
Waste paper from disposable towels |
FINISHING - Post Press Operations
(Overview)
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Inputs |
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Outputs |
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Paper |
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Reject prints and edges from trimming |
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Adhesives/Glue |
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Overspill and emissions |
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Shipping Boxes |
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Used boxes, shipping materials |
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Shop Towels |
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Rags containing oil, grease,
solvents, and metals |
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Water |
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Waste wash water containing
adhesives, solvents |
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Solvents |
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Vapor emissions, used and waste
solvents and parts washers |
Pollution Prevention (P2) options are by definition only
available through changes to the material inputs or process portions of the
operation. The best management option for wastes (outputs) which cannot be
completely eliminated is to reduce then recycle, followed by treatment and
disposal, in decreasing order of preference.
Note that only changes made at the Input and Process level
make improvements to core operations, thereby providing an investment into the
operations, changes designed for improved output efficiency.
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